works actually cited in the document. Sometimes the term Bibliography is used; however this
refers to a list of related source material that is not necessarily cited in the document.
Remember:
• A list of references should appear on a separate sheet of paper at the end of an assignment
and is generally titled References.
• This list contains bibliographic details of every work cited in your assignment.
• The list must be arranged alphabetically by authors’ surnames. If there is more than one
work by the same author, then arrange chronologically i.e. earlier publication dates before
later dates.
• All reference sources (e.g. books, journal articles, websites etc.) are listed together in one continuous reference list.
• Correct punctuation is important.
• Note minimal capitalisation of book titles and maximal capitalisation of journal titles.
Example:
| Website | APA Online. (2003). Electronic references. American Psychological Association. Retrieved August 10, 2004, from http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html |
| Journal article | Becher, T. (1990). The counter culture of specialisation. European Journal of Education, 25(3), 330–336. |
| Book - two authors & a subsequent edition | Biggs, J. & Moore, P. J. (1993). The process of learning (3rd ed.). Sydney: Prentice-Hall. |
| Published conference proceedings | Bourassa, S. D. (1999). Effects of child care on young children. Proceedings of the third annual meeting of the International Society for Child Psychology, International Society for Child Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia, 44-46. |
| Radio Program | Brown, J. (Producer). (1998, March 24). The search for meaning [Radio program]. Sydney: ABC Radio. |
| Book - one author & first edition | Covey, S. (1991). The 7 habits of highly effective people. Sydney: The Business Library. |
| CD-ROM | Dr Brain thinking games [CD-ROM]. (1988). Torrance, California: Knowledge Adventure Inc. |
| Chapter in an edited book | Entwistle, N. (1998). Approaches to learning and forms of Understanding. In B. Dart & G. Boulton-Lewis (Eds.), Teaching and learning in higher education (pp. 212–243). Melbourne: ACER. |
| Document produced for a government agency | Health Promotion Committee. (2000). The funding of anti-smoking campaigns. Brisbane: Department of Health. |
| Consultants' report | Lowe, D. & Cotton, R. (1999). Hepatitis C: A review of Australia's response. Canberra: Department of Health and Aged Care (DHAC). |
| Newspaper – no author | Meeting the needs of counsellors. (2001, May 5). The Courier Mail, p. 22. |
| Brochure – corporate author | Research and Training Centre on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS. Author. |
| Motion picture | Scorsese, M. (Producer) & Longergan, K. (writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me. [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures. |
| Message posted to online forum or discussion group | Simons, D. (2000, July 14). New resources for visual cognition [Msg 31]. Message posted to http://groups.yahoo.com.group/visualcognition/message/31. |
| Electronic journal retrieved from a database. | Smith, D., Campbell, J. & Brooker, R. (1999). The impact of students’ approaches to essay writing on the quality of their essay writing. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 24(3), 327-338. Retrieved August 10, 2003, from Proquest 5000 database. |
| Lecturer’s study guide (fictional) | Smith, L. (2003). An introduction to academic writing: Module study guide. Learning Assistance: Southern Cross University. |
| Dictionary | The Oxford guide to the English language. (1984). Oxford: Oxford University Press. |
| Newspaper – author (see above for newspaper with no author) | Towers, K. (2000, January 18). Doctor not at fault: Coroner. The Australian, p. 12. |