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星期六, 2月 04, 2012

Past paper for HKIT (GE150 - Information Systems / ISY10212 - Contemporary Issues in MM and IT / IT106 - Information Systems and Multimedia)


EXAMINATION FOR TERM OCTOBER 2009
Course:
1. Associate Degree of Science in Computing and Information Technology
2. Associate Degree of Business Administration


Subject:
IT106 Information And Multimedia Systems
All the documents need to be submitted to CMS on or before 5pm, 22nd Jan 2010 (Friday)


Instructions to Students:
This is a take home exam. Students are required to finish 4 forum discussions and one report.
  1. For each forum, contributions need to display an understanding of multiple perspectives regarding the issue under discussion. Specific positions are encouraged, but need to be argued based upon critical thinking and utilize published materials from the media and academic literature. Each discussion should have a words length of 300 words to 600 words.
  2. Write a report which identifies, discusses and assesses a current issue in the area of Multimedia and Information Technology. Particular attention should be given to any social, cultural, ethical, and legal implications of these new technologies. The report should have a words length of 2500 words to 3500 words.


(5 marks)


What is privacy in the modern world?
What role does celebrity play?
How does Multimedia and Information Technology impact upon privacy and celebrity?


In recent days the death of Michael Jackson has received blanket coverage in conventional news media (newspapers, radio news and television news).

Other media have been dealing with high volumes of traffic too. Google thought that it may have been under cyber attack due to the very high rate of inquiries of "Michael Jackson" that happened with such an immediacy in time.
(See: http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/jackson-queries-cause-google-meltdown-20090627-d06w.html)

Some people are literally born as a celebrity - these are the princes and princesses of this world who inherit a role in public life from their parents, the kings and queens. There are very few such people left on the planet, and their level of celebrity may be localized to just a few countries.

All other celebrities are "produced" or "manufactured". Movie stars (especially when married to each other, as are Angelina Joli and Brad Pitt) are a marketers dream. Prominent sports and music stars (again, especially when married as are Victoria (Posh Spice) and David Beckham) can no longer live their private lives privately. Event such as births of children along with the disruptions or unhappiness that occur in family life such as separations and divorce, are played out in the public media whenever they occur.

Why is this so? And what are the rights and wrongs of this? After all, if the general public payed no attention to these "stories" then they would not appear in the news media because they would not be the material that sold papers, or gained viewers or was considered to "be news".


Forum 2: First Person Computer Games.

(5 marks)

What are the implications?
Can these games be seen as training young users to commit acts of violence?


Check out this site:
http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/games/outrage-as-terrorist-game-lets-players-massacre-civilians-20091029-hmey.html?autostart=1
There was a documentary aired last night (4/10/09) on SBS about "The Samurai", a TV series produced in the 60's and 70's which achieved a cult status in the minds of Australian children at the time. It was the first TV series that produced a range of merchandise associated with a show in Australia.
http://www.tvseriesgalore.com/blog/?p=2217
Lots of school kids at the time were crazed about the show and although the merchandise consisted mainly of ninja costumes and plastic swords, many took to using tin-snips to fabricate their own star knives from discarded tin can lids.



(5 marks)

What is privacy in the modern world?
What role does threats to security play?
How does Multimedia and Information Technology impact upon privacy and security?

Last week the headlines were again reporting hotel bombings in Indonesia (http://www.aol.com.au/news/story/Jihad-in-Jakarta/2348587/index.html), resulting in several deaths.

Such bombings are not isolated to Indonesia.

The flying of airplanes into the twin towers of The World Trade Center in the U.S.A on September 11th 2001 captured lots of media attention. In part because of the severity of the event, but perhaps also because of the extreme nature of the footage that had been captured (both the crashing of planes into the buildings, and the crashing of the buildings to the ground).
Be warned, explicitly graphic but for example, see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lKZqqSI9-s. Several thousand people died as a direct result.

This event changed the political relationship between some countries of "the west" and groups considered to be aligned with Islamic fundamentalism, which was identified as being responsible.

The reality is that whatever the politics of the situation, bombings of public figures and public spaces (trains, buses, airplanes, hotels, restaurants, weddings) has become a relatively more common strategy employed by some groups and the location for such events has clearly become more globalised.

Information and Communication technologies such as mobile phones, email, and internet sites have been used to plan, coordinate and execute some of these attacks. Consequently, many governments have sought to modify their countries' laws regarding privacy and communications to enable greater surveillance (with varying degrees of success).

What are the rights and wrongs of such a trend towards increased surveillance? Are you happy with such a state of affairs? Does it make you feel safer? Does it make the world safer?




Forum 4: Public Information and Politics.

(5 marks)

What is public information in the modern world?
What role does politics play?
How does Multimedia and Information Technology impact upon free speech and politics?
------------------------------------------------------------
In democratic countries “freedom of thought” and “freedom of speech” are fundamental to the political process.

Freedom of thought maintains that all people have the right to think for themselves, including with respect to political issues. Freedom of speech is the right to voice publicly ones’ thoughts, without fear of reprisal from the government of the day (nor from one in the future).

The underlying ethic which drives a democracy is the principle that the people of a country, through a voting system, have the right to elect the government of that country. This enables the collective will and wisdom of the people of a nation to take responsibility for their countries future.
In democratic countries the power to determine what appears in newspapers, television and radio is generally held by the businesses that run these media. In non-democratic countries the power to determine what is presented in the newspapers, television and radio is generally held by the government.

In recent years the internet has provided a means by which any individual who holds knowledge on how to upload information and who has access to the hardware and software required, can present to the public domain any information he or she chooses to present. This can be something as benign as a recipe for fried rice, or something as destructive as a recipe for explosives. The information uploaded can also be (and often has been) of a political nature.

Governments, both democratic and non-democratic, have been moving towards increasing restrictions placed upon the nature of the content that can be presented and received on the internet. But the type of content chosen to prohibit will bring into contrast the views of governments in democratic countries compared to those in non-democratic countries.

Discuss.


Report on contemporary issue in multimedia and Information Technology

(40 marks)
Students are encouraged to select a specialised topic area focussing on a contemporary issue in multimedia and Information Technology. It will enable you to undertake detailed study in an area:
-  in which you hold intrinsic interest
-  that has specific relevance and application to an aspect of you personal and/or professional life either currently or in the future
-  that you will find more motivating, and strive to achieve a higher quality product
-  that you will embrace, and experience higher levels of self satisfaction, and
-  that you will gain greater generic knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding research and the production of reports.

星期三, 3月 02, 2011

Modeling Data in the Organization

Objectives
  • Define terms
  • Understand importance of data modeling
  • Write good names and definitions for entities, relationships, and attributes
  • Distinguish unary, binary, and ternary relationships
  • Model different types of attributes, entities, relationships, and cardinalities
  • Draw E-R diagrams for common business situations
  • Convert many-to-many relationships to associative entities
  • Model time-dependent data using time stamps

 

 

 
Business Rules
  • Are statements that define or constrain some aspect of the business
  • Are derived from policies, procedures, events, functions
  • Assert business structure
  • Control/influence business behavior
  • Are expressed in terms familiar to end users
  • Are automated through DBMS software

 

 

 
A Good Business Rule Is:
  • Declarative–what, not how
  • Precise–clear, agreed-upon meaning
  • Atomic–one statement
  • Consistent–internally and externally
  • Expressible–structured, natural language
  • Distinct–non-redundant
  • Business-oriented–understood by business people

 

 

 
A Good Data Name Is:
  • Related to business, not technical, characteristics
  • Meaningful and self-documenting
  • Unique
  • Readable
  • Composed of words from an approved list
  • Repeatable
  • Written in standard syntax

 

 

 
Data Definitions
  • Explanation of a term or fact
    • Term–word or phrase with specific meaning
    • Fact–association between two or more terms
  • Guidelines for good data definition
    • A concise description of essential data meaning
    • Gathered in conjunction with systems requirements
    • Accompanied by diagrams
    • Achieved by consensus, and iteratively refined

 

 

 
E-R Model Constructs
  • Entities:
    • Entity instance–person, place, object, event, concept (often corresponds to a row in a table)
    • Entity Type–collection of entities (often corresponds to a table)
  • Relationships:
    • Relationship instance–link between entities (corresponds to primary key-foreign key equivalencies in related tables)
    • Relationship type–category of relationship…link between entity types
  • Attribute–property or characteristic of an entity or relationship type (often corresponds to a field in a table)

 

 

 
An Entity…
  • SHOULD BE:
    • An object that will have many instances in the database
    • An object that will be composed of multiple attributes
    • An object that we are trying to model
  • SHOULD NOT BE:
    • A user of the database system
    • An output of the database system (e.g., a report)

 

 

 
Attributes
  • Attribute–property or characteristic of an entity or relationship type
  • Classifications of attributes:
    • Required versus Optional Attributes
    • Simple versus Composite Attribute
    • Single-Valued versus Multivalued Attribute
    • Stored versus Derived Attributes
    • Identifier Attributes

 

 

 
Identifiers (Keys)
  • Identifier (Key)–an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies individual instances of an entity type
  • Simple versus Composite Identifier
  • Candidate Identifier–an attribute that could be a key…satisfies the requirements for being an identifier

 

 

 
Criteria for Identifiers
  • Choose Identifiers that
    • Will not change in value
    • Will not be null
  • Avoid intelligent identifiers (e.g., containing locations or people that might change)
  • Substitute new, simple keys for long, composite keys

 

 

 
More on Relationships
  • Relationship Types vs. Relationship Instances
    • The relationship type is modeled as lines between entity types…the instance is between specific entity instances
  • Relationships can have attributes
    • These describe features pertaining to the association between the entities in the relationship
  • Two entities can have more than one type of relationship between them (multiple relationships)
  • Associative Entity–combination of relationship and entity

 

 

 
Degree of Relationships
  • Degree of a relationship is the number of entity types that participate in it
  • Unary Relationship
  • Binary Relationship
  • Ternary Relationship

 

 

 
Cardinality of Relationships
  • One-to-One
    • Each entity in the relationship will have exactly one related entity
  • One-to-Many
    • An entity on one side of the relationship can have many related entities, but an entity on the other side will have a maximum of one related entity
  • Many-to-Many
    • Entities on both sides of the relationship can have many related entities on the other side

 

 

 
Cardinality Constraints
  • Cardinality Constraints—the number of instances of one entity that can or must be associated with each instance of another entity
  • Minimum Cardinality
    • If zero, then optional
    • If one or more, then mandatory
  • Maximum Cardinality
    • The maximum number

 

 

 
Strong vs. Weak Entities, and Identifying Relationships
  • Strong entity
    • exists independently of other types of entities
    • has its own unique identifier
    • identifier underlined with single line
  • Weak entity
    • dependent on a strong entity (identifying owner)…cannot exist on its own
    • does not have a unique identifier (only a partial identifier)
    • partial identifier underlined with double line
    • entity box has double line
  • Identifying relationship
    • links strong entities to weak entities

 

 

 
Associative Entities
  • An entity–has attributes
  • A relationship–links entities together
  • When should a relationship with attributes instead be an associative entity?
    • All relationships for the associative entity should be many
    • The associative entity could have meaning independent of the other entities
    • The associative entity preferably has a unique identifier, and should also have other attributes
    • The associative entity may participate in other relationships other than the entities of the associated relationship
    • Ternary relationships should be converted to associative entities

星期二, 3月 01, 2011

Computer Security: Principles and Practice Overview and Cryptographic Tools

Question 1
Which of the following is an example of an active security threat? (1.3)
A. Monitoring network traffic flow and activity
B. Recording details of file accesses and activity
C. Masquerading as an authorised user of a computer system
D. Intercepting and storing email messages

Question 2
Which of the following is not in the categories of security services. (1.5)
A. Data confidentiality
B. Availability service
C. Access control
D. Nonrepudiation
E. Secure data transmission
F. Authentication

Question 3
How many keys are required for Person A to communicate to Person B via a symmetric cipher? (2.2)
A. One secret key, identically held by each person
B. Two secret keys, one held by each person
C. Two keys, one being a private key and the other being a public key
D. One public key, identically held by each person

Question 4
What is a message authentication code? (2.5)
A. An authenticator that is a cryptographic function of the data (message) to be authenticated.
B. An authenticator that is a cryptographic function for operating system warning messages
C. An authenticator that is a cryptographic function of both the data (message) to be authenticated and the secret key used to encypt the data.
D. An authenticator that is a cryptographic function of the secret key used to encypt the data (message)

Question 5
What are the principal ingredients of a public-key cryptosystem? (2.8)
A. Plaintext and encryption algorithm.
B. Secret key
C. Public / private keys, ciphertext and decryption algorithm.
D. Both B and C.
E. Both A and C.
F. Both A and B.

Question 6
What is a digital signature? (2.11)
A. A digital signature is an authentication mechanism that enables the creator of a message to attach a code that acts as a signature.
B. A digital signature is an encryption mechanism that enables the creator of a message to attach a code that acts as a signature.
C. A digital signature is a scanned signature image file that the creator attaches to a message to prove it was sent .by the author.
D. A digital signature is an enbeded HTML tag that enables the creator of a message to attach a code that acts as a signature.











================================



















Question 1
Which of the following is an example of an active security threat? (1.3)
Correct Answer: C. Masquerading as an authorised user of a computer system

Question 2
Which of the following is not in the categories of security services. (1.5)
Correct Answer: E. Secure data transmission

Question 3
How many keys are required for Person A to communicate to Person B via a symmetric cipher? (2.2)
Correct Answer: A. One secret key, identically held by each person

Question 4
What is a message authentication code? (2.5)
Correct Answer: C. An authenticator that is a cryptographic function of both the data (message) to be authenticated and the secret key used to encypt the data.

Question 5
What are the principal ingredients of a public-key cryptosystem? (2.8)
Correct Answer: E. Both A and C.

Question 6
What is a digital signature? (2.11)
Correct Answer: A. A digital signature is an authentication mechanism that enables the creator of a message to attach a code that acts as a signature.

星期一, 2月 21, 2011

Impact of Multimedia and Information Technology on Personal Life and Educational Experience.

Activities:

  1. What is your earliest memory of real-life exposure to computers? What was the context of this memory? Did this, or any other early contact with computers, make any specific impact upon your views of computer technology?

Note
Answers will depend upon each individuals history, but for many, first contact will be through some form of computer game…and the memory may be one of happiness, fun and amazement. Contact may have come from elder siblings or friends.

For others (who are typically older) first contact may have been through a work application…and there may have been a realisation that this tool was going to make life easier…or wonderment on how calculations could be done so quickly.

For people who are older still, first contact may have been via punch cards, or memories of seeing images of the NASA control room guide the first landing on the moon.



  1. What do understand of computer tape and punch cards? Do you remember the first time you saw or used a computer mouse? Do you see any significant relationship between these items as data input devices?

Note
For many students, computer tape and punch cards pre-date their birth, so no direct memory will exist.

However, this is a point worth discussing, because for middle aged people, in their living memory, the input device has gone from being through such hard coded paper based devices that were very slow and cumbersome…to the mouse and keyboard.

The significance is that to use a mouse just move, point and click. It’s so easy a child can do it…and many do.  There is no longer the need to learn computer languages and syntax as a prerequisite to using a computer.

  1. A popular stereotype of computer programmers has historically been of a socially awkward, yet highly mathematical and logical “geek”. Why do you think that such a stereotype was held historically? To what extent do you think that such stereotypical views have changed to-day…and to what extent is a change of such views warranted?

Note
This question is related to Question 2 above.

As recent as the late 1970’s, to use a computer one had to know lots of specific programming language. Almost all of the users of this period where male and relatively insular people….much more comfortable with computer code and mathematics to produce a piece of “applied logic”.

Modern computers, through their interface and new multimedia applications, have enabled a much broader cross section of society to use them. Modern computer technology can incorporate aspects of creativity, expression and communication. A much broader cross section of society now uses computer technology.


  1. How have computer technologies impacted on your personal life to date?

Note
This will depend on each persons specific situation, but consider:
-      video games
-      email
-      running a business
-      listening to music
-      watching movies
-      browsing the internet
-      on-line shopping
-      on-line chat groups
-      organising holiday travel and accommodation.

Ask around – there will be a wide set of activities for different people.



  1. How have computer technologies impacted on your student life to date?

Note
This will depend on each persons specific situation, but consider:
-      Writing essays using a word processing package, with the benefits of spell check and powerful editing capabilities
-      Researching assignments via the web.
-      Email communications with both students and staff.

Ask around – there will be a wide set of activities for different people.


  1. In the general context of Multimedia and Information Technology, what was the most recent item you have acquired (either purchased or been given as a gift)? Was such an item available 5 years ago? Was such an item available 10 years ago?

Note
This will depend on each persons specific situation, but consider:
-      MP3 players
-      Flash memory (Thumb drives)
-      DVD burners
-      Digital cameras (how many mega-pixel?)
-      Mobile phones (cell phones), now with inbuilt camera
-      Wireless devices
-      Games consoles such as Sony Play Station 3

For most of these, while they may have existed 5 years ago, they did not 10 years ago.



  1. List any aspect of Multimedia and Information Technology advancements that you foresee as being a potential benefit to you and your future aspirations.

Note
This will depend on each persons specific situation, but consider:
-      Robotics
-      Artificial Intelligence
-      Nanotechnology
-      Quantum computing
-      Biometrics
-      Remotely controlled surgery
-      Hologram displays



  1. List any aspect of Multimedia and Information Technology that you dislike, or hold concerns for with respect to society. Explain your concerns.

Note
This will depend on each persons specific situation, but consider:
-      privacy (or loss of privacy)
-      identity theft
-      phishing and fraud
-      incorrect personal details being entered into a government computer system…and then not being able to change them
-      over reliance on cybertechnology
-      loss of interpersonal communications
-      too much time spent on a keyboard and in front of a screen
-      health problems due to inactivity or overuse of computers (such as RSI – Repetitive Stain Injury)


  1. Identify two (2) areas of personal and/or professional interest you have in currently evolving areas of Multimedia and/or Information technology. For each of these, identify positive and possible negative, effects for society.

Note
Positive
Negative
Many ideas to work from are provided in the answers to above questions.

Students are to start thinking about options and searching the net for information.

These ideas may help to determine suitable topics for students’ Report topics.

Note that an important underlying theme is that for all technological advancements there are BOTH positive AND negative implications and impacts.

Society needs to try and capture and utilize the benefits, while at the same time, minimizing and mitigating against the negatives



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