星期五, 10月 08, 2010
星期四, 10月 07, 2010
Essay Writing Hints
The following are some basic essay writing hints. They are presented as a guide only. Other approaches and/or structures can be equally as effective, or even better!
Structure
Introduction = Paragraph 1
Define the question (as you interpret it).
Define any important terms needed to understand the question.
Specify your position/stance.
List the broad ideas that you will use to give support to you position.
Do not be very long.
Body = Paragraph 2, 3, 4, ….n
Each paragraph (or sequence of paragraphs) picks up one of the main ideas listed in the introduction.
Define and/or describe the important features of the idea.
Provide an example of how that idea operates in practice.
Perhaps a Para break
Perhaps provide an example of how computer technology is associated with use of that idea.
Para break
Identify any limitations and/or weaknesses in the idea.
Provide an example of when use of the idea breaks down.
Para break
Argue for the overall benefits of the idea…provided that it is used appropriately.
Para break
Next idea from introduction, then do as above.
……
……
……continue until all ideas of argument are exhausted.
Conclusion = Last paragraph
Restate your position.
Specify again the main points that support your position.
Indicate how justified your position is.
Do not be very long.
NOTES:
1. In sequencing the ideas in the essay, seek a structure that enables you to build a logical argument.
2. Other structures are also valid and viable. The above is just an example.
Final Hint
If you read through your essay only looking at the first and last sentence of each paragraph, then the entire essay should still make sense and flow.
Style
Be succinct - Avoid padding!
Keep to the point - Avoid side tracks!
Do your best to make it readable!
Check for excessively long sentences. - break them into two.
Check for excessively long paragraphs - break them into two.
Check for poor linking of idea – insert a clear link.
Check for material that does not say what you mean – rewrite it so that it does.
Check for repeated material and ideas – rewrite so that each is addressed once, but thoroughly.
Make sure to omit technical jargon unless it has first been defined.
Make sure to omit offensive or sexist language.
Make sure to omit slang or loose language.
Rules
NEVER plagiarise (present someone else's words or ideas to be your own). This is simple to fix – just specify who wrote them and where they came from (this is referencing, see section below).
Read your essay again when you think that you are finished - make sure that it reads well.
You are allowed to use headings, subheadings and graphics, but if you do, do so sparingly and with a purpose!
Referencing
Referencing within body of essay
If you are presenting an idea that can be credited to someone then after the idea provide the following information…(surname, year)
e.g., working memory can be equated to consciousness (Sweller, 1999)
If you are providing a direct quote, then place the quote inside quotations, and after the quote provide the following information…(surname, year, page)
e.g., "rehearsal and repetition, so crucial for STM, seem much less critical for LTM" (Bruning, Schraw & Ronning, 1995, p53)
NOTE - in the above example there are three authors of the book, so all three names are provided. If, after providing all three names you again reference the same book, you may choose to reference as follows…(Brunning et al, 1995, p53)
Reference List (Bibliography)
At the end of your essay, on a separate page, list all materials that you referred to in alphabetical sequence, based on the surname of the first author. You need to provide details of:
- author(s)
- year
- title (italics)
- publisher
- location
e.g.,
Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., & Ronning, R. R. (1995). Cognitive Psychology and Instruction. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
If you are referencing a web site, then do what you can to indicate clearly where (and when) you sighted the information.
e.g.,
Chandler, P., Cooper, G., Pollock, E. & Tindall-Ford, S. (1998). Applying Cognitive Psychology Principles to Education and Training. (accessed 28th July 2010) http://www.aare.edu.au/98pap/cha98030.htm
Please refer to a text book (see the back of it) for examples on how to present a Bibliography.
Good References for Essay Writing
O'Shea, Robert Paul. (2000). Writing for psychology : an introductory guide for students. 3rd ed. Sydney : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich..
Detailed web site to assist students in general for all things reading and writing.
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au
(accessed 28th July 2010)
Structure
Introduction = Paragraph 1
Define the question (as you interpret it).
Define any important terms needed to understand the question.
Specify your position/stance.
List the broad ideas that you will use to give support to you position.
Do not be very long.
Body = Paragraph 2, 3, 4, ….n
Each paragraph (or sequence of paragraphs) picks up one of the main ideas listed in the introduction.
Define and/or describe the important features of the idea.
Provide an example of how that idea operates in practice.
Perhaps a Para break
Perhaps provide an example of how computer technology is associated with use of that idea.
Para break
Identify any limitations and/or weaknesses in the idea.
Provide an example of when use of the idea breaks down.
Para break
Argue for the overall benefits of the idea…provided that it is used appropriately.
Para break
Next idea from introduction, then do as above.
……
……
……continue until all ideas of argument are exhausted.
Conclusion = Last paragraph
Restate your position.
Specify again the main points that support your position.
Indicate how justified your position is.
Do not be very long.
NOTES:
1. In sequencing the ideas in the essay, seek a structure that enables you to build a logical argument.
2. Other structures are also valid and viable. The above is just an example.
Final Hint
If you read through your essay only looking at the first and last sentence of each paragraph, then the entire essay should still make sense and flow.
Style
Be succinct - Avoid padding!
Keep to the point - Avoid side tracks!
Do your best to make it readable!
Check for excessively long sentences. - break them into two.
Check for excessively long paragraphs - break them into two.
Check for poor linking of idea – insert a clear link.
Check for material that does not say what you mean – rewrite it so that it does.
Check for repeated material and ideas – rewrite so that each is addressed once, but thoroughly.
Make sure to omit technical jargon unless it has first been defined.
Make sure to omit offensive or sexist language.
Make sure to omit slang or loose language.
Rules
NEVER plagiarise (present someone else's words or ideas to be your own). This is simple to fix – just specify who wrote them and where they came from (this is referencing, see section below).
Read your essay again when you think that you are finished - make sure that it reads well.
You are allowed to use headings, subheadings and graphics, but if you do, do so sparingly and with a purpose!
Referencing
Referencing within body of essay
If you are presenting an idea that can be credited to someone then after the idea provide the following information…(surname, year)
e.g., working memory can be equated to consciousness (Sweller, 1999)
If you are providing a direct quote, then place the quote inside quotations, and after the quote provide the following information…(surname, year, page)
e.g., "rehearsal and repetition, so crucial for STM, seem much less critical for LTM" (Bruning, Schraw & Ronning, 1995, p53)
NOTE - in the above example there are three authors of the book, so all three names are provided. If, after providing all three names you again reference the same book, you may choose to reference as follows…(Brunning et al, 1995, p53)
Reference List (Bibliography)
At the end of your essay, on a separate page, list all materials that you referred to in alphabetical sequence, based on the surname of the first author. You need to provide details of:
- author(s)
- year
- title (italics)
- publisher
- location
e.g.,
Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., & Ronning, R. R. (1995). Cognitive Psychology and Instruction. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
If you are referencing a web site, then do what you can to indicate clearly where (and when) you sighted the information.
e.g.,
Chandler, P., Cooper, G., Pollock, E. & Tindall-Ford, S. (1998). Applying Cognitive Psychology Principles to Education and Training. (accessed 28th July 2010) http://www.aare.edu.au/98pap/cha98030.htm
Please refer to a text book (see the back of it) for examples on how to present a Bibliography.
Good References for Essay Writing
O'Shea, Robert Paul. (2000). Writing for psychology : an introductory guide for students. 3rd ed. Sydney : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich..
Detailed web site to assist students in general for all things reading and writing.
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au
(accessed 28th July 2010)
星期三, 10月 06, 2010
Example: Application letter for the Technique Support and Services(TSS)
Dear Principal,
Application for the Technique Support and Services(TSS)
I am writing to apply for the position of TSS. I believe that my education, experience and career interest well qualify me for the position.
I am a student in <course name> at <school name>. I obtained a Higher Diploma in <program name> at IVE in <year>. I also obtain the MCP, MCSE, MSCA, MCTS and SCP as well as many experiences on Maintains Server and User Support.
I have worked with various companies in my previous job experiences to support end users. I am strong in designing, developing and supporting live system. I believe that my strong technical experience and education give me great advantage in my application for this position. The key strengths that I possess for success in this position include:
Ø I have different development experiences for using Programming Languages (ASP.NET, HTML, CSS, JavaScript…), Relational Database (MS SQL, MySQL, Oracle), Cisco Network (Router, Switch, AP…)
Ø I strive for continued excellence
Ø I have learned the System Maintenance skills from the past years that include the System Design and Testing.
I am very interested in the opportunity to work in your company. Please find the enclosed resume, certificates and some references. If I can provide any additional information, please call me at <Tel> or email <email> to me. I would be delighted for an interview to discuss my qualifications for this position.
Yours sincerely
<name>
星期二, 10月 05, 2010
Batch file: Backup Script
@echo off
cd c:\windows\system32
RD /s /q "C:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "C:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "C:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail1
if errorlevel 1 goto fail1
if errorlevel 0 goto okay1
goto next
:okay1
echo Backup to C: is completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:fail1
echo Backup to C: is not completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
echo Therefore, backup to F: is cancelled! >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:end
RD /s /q "F:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "F:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "F:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail2
if errorlevel 1 goto fail2
if errorlevel 0 goto okay2
goto end
:okay2
echo Backup to F: is completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:fail2
echo Backup to F: is not completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:end
======================
@echo off
rem: 指向 system32,以執行 RD
cd c:\windows\system32
rem: 移除資料夾"C:\File Server Backup\"
RD /s /q "C:\File Server Backup\"
rem: 複制 "C:\File Server\" 內所有文件到 "C:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "C:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "C:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail1
if errorlevel 1 goto fail1
if errorlevel 0 goto okay1
goto next
:okay1
rem: 清除"C:\backup report.txt"內的資料並在第一行輸入 "echo" 和 ">" 之間的文字
echo Backup to C: is completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:fail1
echo Backup to C: is not completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
rem: 在下一行輸入 "echo" 和 ">>" 之間的文字
echo Therefore, backup to F: is cancelled! >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:end
RD /s /q "F:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "F:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "F:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail2
if errorlevel 1 goto fail2
if errorlevel 0 goto okay2
goto end
:okay2
echo Backup to F: is completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:fail2
echo Backup to F: is not completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:end
cd c:\windows\system32
RD /s /q "C:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "C:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "C:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail1
if errorlevel 1 goto fail1
if errorlevel 0 goto okay1
goto next
:okay1
echo Backup to C: is completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:fail1
echo Backup to C: is not completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
echo Therefore, backup to F: is cancelled! >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:end
RD /s /q "F:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "F:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "F:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail2
if errorlevel 1 goto fail2
if errorlevel 0 goto okay2
goto end
:okay2
echo Backup to F: is completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:fail2
echo Backup to F: is not completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:end
======================
@echo off
rem: 指向 system32,以執行 RD
cd c:\windows\system32
rem: 移除資料夾"C:\File Server Backup\"
RD /s /q "C:\File Server Backup\"
rem: 複制 "C:\File Server\" 內所有文件到 "C:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "C:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "C:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail1
if errorlevel 1 goto fail1
if errorlevel 0 goto okay1
goto next
:okay1
rem: 清除"C:\backup report.txt"內的資料並在第一行輸入 "echo" 和 ">" 之間的文字
echo Backup to C: is completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:fail1
echo Backup to C: is not completed on %date% %time% > "C:\backup report.txt"
rem: 在下一行輸入 "echo" 和 ">>" 之間的文字
echo Therefore, backup to F: is cancelled! >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto next
:end
RD /s /q "F:\File Server Backup\"
XCOPY "C:\File Server\*.*" "F:\File Server Backup\" /e /i /h
fc "C:\File Server\*" "F:\File Server Backup\*" > nul
if errorlevel 2 goto fail2
if errorlevel 1 goto fail2
if errorlevel 0 goto okay2
goto end
:okay2
echo Backup to F: is completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:fail2
echo Backup to F: is not completed on %date% %time% >> "C:\backup report.txt"
goto end
:end
星期六, 10月 02, 2010
The Enhanced E-R Model
Objectives
Supertypes and Subtypes
Relationships and Subtypes
Generalization and Specialization
Constraints in Supertype/ Completeness Constraint
Constraints in Supertype/ Disjointness constraint
Constraints in Supertype/ Subtype Discriminators
Entity Clusters
Packaged Data Models
Advantages of Packaged Data Models
- Define terms
- Understand use of supertype/subtype relationships
- Understand use of specialization and generalization techniques
- Specify completeness and disjointness constraints
- Develop supertype/subtype hierarchies for realistic business situations
- Develop entity clusters
- Explain universal (packaged) data model
- Describe special features of data modeling project using packaged data model
- Enhanced ER model: extends original ER model with new modeling constructs
- Subtype: A subgrouping of the entities in an entity type that has attributes distinct from those in other subgroupings
- Supertype: A generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes
- Attribute Inheritance:
- Subtype entities inherit values of all attributes of the supertype
- An instance of a subtype is also an instance of the supertype
- Relationships at the supertype level indicate that all subtypes will participate in the relationship
- The instances of a subtype may participate in a relationship unique to that subtype. In this situation, the relationship is shown at the subtype level
- Generalization: The process of defining a more general entity type from a set of more specialized entity types. BOTTOM-UP
- Specialization: The process of defining one or more subtypes of the supertype and forming supertype/subtype relationships. TOP-DOWN
- Completeness Constraints: Whether an instance of a supertype must also be a member of at least one subtype
- Total Specialization Rule: Yes (double line)
- Partial Specialization Rule: No (single line)
- Disjointness Constraints: Whether an instance of a supertype may simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes
- Disjoint Rule: An instance of the supertype can be only ONE of the subtypes
- Overlap Rule: An instance of the supertype could be more than one of the subtypes
- Subtype Discriminator: An attribute of the supertype whose values determine the target subtype(s)
- Disjoint – a simple attribute with alternative values to indicate the possible subtypes
- Overlapping – a composite attribute whose subparts pertain to different subtypes. Each subpart contains a Boolean value to indicate whether or not the instance belongs to the associated subtype
- EER diagrams are difficult to read when there are too many entities and relationships
- Solution: Group entities and relationships into entity clusters
- Entity cluster: Set of one or more entity types and associated relationships grouped into a single abstract entity type
- Predefined data models
- Could be universal or industry-specific
- Universal data model = a generic or template data model that can be reused as a starting point for a data modeling project (also called a “pattern”)
- Use proven model components
- Save time and cost
- Less likelihood of data model errors
- Easier to evolve and modify over time
- Aid in requirements determination
- Easier to read
- Supertype/subtype hierarchies promote reuse
- Many-to-many relationships enhance model flexibility
- Vendor-supplied data model fosters integration with vendor’s applications
- Universal models support inter-organizational systems
星期五, 10月 01, 2010
香港常用 pop3 資 料
Hotmail
Incoming Host: pop3.live.com
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
GMAIL
Incoming Host: pop.gmail.com
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
雅 虎 香 港 郵 件
Incoming Host: pop.mail.yahoo.com.hk
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
雅 虎 電 子 郵 件
Incoming Host: pop.mail.yahoo.com
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
香 港 寬 頻
Incoming Host: pop6.ctimail3.com or popo.hkbn.net
新 浪 網 香 港
Incoming Host: pop3.sina.com.hk
HK NET
Incoming Host: pop3.hknet.com
太 平 洋 寬 頻
Incoming Host: pop.pacific.net.hk
有 線 寬 頻
Incoming Host: mail.i-cable.com
網 上 行
Incoming Host: pop.netvigator.com
和 記 寬 頻
Incoming Host: pop.hgcbroadband.com
p.s. sina HK 的 pop3 由於是增值服務,故免費用戶不能在 outlook、iphone 4 等接收 email
Incoming Host: pop3.live.com
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
GMAIL
Incoming Host: pop.gmail.com
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
雅 虎 香 港 郵 件
Incoming Host: pop.mail.yahoo.com.hk
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
雅 虎 電 子 郵 件
Incoming Host: pop.mail.yahoo.com
SSL: 995
User Name : 電郵賬戶
香 港 寬 頻
Incoming Host: pop6.ctimail3.com or popo.hkbn.net
新 浪 網 香 港
Incoming Host: pop3.sina.com.hk
HK NET
Incoming Host: pop3.hknet.com
太 平 洋 寬 頻
Incoming Host: pop.pacific.net.hk
有 線 寬 頻
Incoming Host: mail.i-cable.com
網 上 行
Incoming Host: pop.netvigator.com
和 記 寬 頻
Incoming Host: pop.hgcbroadband.com
p.s. sina HK 的 pop3 由於是增值服務,故免費用戶不能在 outlook、iphone 4 等接收 email
星期四, 9月 30, 2010
體能活動的健康益處
任何年齡的人士要促進健康,其中一種最好的方法就是多做運動。
兒童及青少年
| 科學證據的強度 | 健康益處 |
|---|---|
| 非常有力 |
|
| 中等強度 |
|
成年人及長者
| 科學證據的強度 | 健康益處 |
|---|---|
| 非常有力 |
|
| 中等強度至非常有力 |
|
| 中等強度 |
|
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